If you leave your job for three months without explanation, you’ll probably get fired. If you leave school for three months without a really detailed doctor’s note, you’ll probably get kicked out. If you leave your children unattended for three months, even with a good excuse, they’ll probably hate you, and CPS might take them away.

So, if you used to read my blog, but no longer feel that you can trust me as a webmaster, that’s well within your rights. I could go on and on about my hiatus with all the lab meetings and the presentations and the hours spent slaving away over tubes of clear liquids — but that’s not actually so interesting. You know what is?

What’s interesting is that I’m alive and relatively healthy despite my abominable (to some) diet and lack of exercise choices. Please read on for a heartbreakingly honest confession of my wicked health ways, with photographic examples of the devastation I’ve wreaked on myself, and sometimes on loved ones.

Disclaimer #1: The pictures herein may or may not induce diet fail.

Disclaimer #2: I may or may not use tons of hardcore scientific fact to back up my feeble excuses for my health choices.

Disclaimer #3: I may or may not be an advocate of unhealthiness per se, but I strongly defend people’s rights to make whatever unhealthful choices they wish…so long as they can live to tell about it, as I am.

First off, I can’t decide what my goal is with this post. Is it to absolve myself of the guilt I feel for what I’ve done? Is it to brag about the fact that I can do what I’ve done and get away with it? Or do I just want a platform to rage back against the hordes of people who provoke me time and time again by asking “Oh my gosh, you’re going to eat that?!”? Because the answer to this question is almost always “Yes. With seconds.”

So let’s say you make a cupcake. A cinnamon-y cupcake. You’re feeling indulgent, so you top it with streusel, which is basically butter and cinnamon and sugar. This adds a nice crunchy layer of devil-may-care deliciousness to your dessert.

This would be a fine place to stop and enjoy your creation. Would be, if it weren’t for maple buttercream. This is essentially maple syrup, butter (the real stuff), and powdered sugar.

Wow, you’re really throwing caution to the wind now! And since you’ve gone this far, you can’t think of any great argument against garnishing this confection with crumbled bacon, can you?

Paula Deen has nothing on you, obviously, but why are you doing this? Are you hosting a party? (No.) Do you have an amazing food blog, in addition to having an awesome science blog? (No.) Oh, so you just have a thing for unhealthy food! Lots of unhealthy food.

You don’t even really share these with people, you just eat them. The only reason you’ve taken pictures is to make your friends jealous on Facebook. But maybe you justify this as a rare treat! …What’s that? It’s not a rare treat? You mean you make unhealthy stuff, like, all the time? Surely you jest.

Alright, so I’m talking about myself here. I’m constantly making stuff like this, and not sharing it either. High sugar, high fat — and not just for dessert. My meals are technically not much better: cheap Chinese food, half of a large pizza, Ramen noodles. Even when I cook for myself, which is at least half the time, the meal is almost always along these lines:

Lots of frying, lots of butter. I’m not even going to talk about all of this stuff that I have on the side:

Alright, so you’re getting the picture. I’m not necessarily counting calories. Or fat, sugar, salt, cholesterol…. Maybe at this point you’re saying to yourself “Okay, this is disturbing, but what does it have to do with science?”

I’m not so sure, exactly. I guess I’m only just now becoming fully aware of the fact that I have eaten like this for my entire life, while making no attempt at formal exercise whatsoever, and yet I’m alive. Alive with an unremarkably normal BMI of around 20, normal cholesterol levels, no sign of diabetes, and blood pressure on the lower side. This probably sounds a lot like some sort of Humblebrag. And maybe it is. But I like to think of it as an anomaly of nature, an anomaly that should be questioned, challenged, and weakly explained in list form.

And so I present you with reasons why I’m not dead:

1. “I’m on a ketogenic diet!” A ketogenic diet is one that’s high in fats. I’ve got that covered. However, a ketogenic diet it also low in carbohydrates, so I can’t actually claim to be on a ketogenic diet. But it’s interesting to know that such a diet exists and is used as a form of treatment for epilepsy, brain cancer, and some genetic metabolic disorders. When the body has a relatively high amount of fat and low amount of sugar, the liver will burn fat instead of carbohydrates, which generates a byproduct called ketones. In people who can’t metabolize sugars because of enzymes deficiencies, a ketogenic diet is the way to go; in people who have seizures, it’s not well understood why a ketogenic diet helps, but it does.

"Tonight, we dine in hell! ...Because we hardly ate all day."

2. “I’m on the Warrior Diet!” The Warrior Diet is fairly straightforward: “under-eat” during the day and “overeat” at night. Now, I don’t technically follow the Warrior Diet or any diet at all, but I do find that my breakfast is small, my lunch is small, and my dinner is HUGE. For breakfast, I might grab some Greek yogurt (<200 calories). For lunch, I’ll have something like pita chips
and a cereal bar (<300 calories). And dinner is as much food as I can fit into my body. I’m talking 1200+ calories of pepperoni pizza, 1000+ calories of pasta, or 1400+ calories of fried chicken and biscuits. Followed by whatever my most recent baked good happens to be. So maybe I intake a normal number of calories (or so I’ll tell myself), but most of that happens after 6pm…where no one can see me.

3. “I’ve got good genes!” Ah, yes, those all-powerful “genes.” Those things that we use to excuse ourselves for not being runway models, Olympic swimmers, or (insert enviable profession here). And of course genes have a lot to do with everything we are…but, which genes are we talking about specifically? Very few people actually have a gene in mind when they praise “good genes” or lament “bad genes.” In fact, there aren’t many genes that can be solely blamed for why people are fat, athletic, smart, etc. Truth be told, there’s an enzyme known to break down fat in food and in the body and convert it to energy, and I know one of my two copies of this enzyme is mutated. So I don’t think I can say I have superior genes that let me eat tons of fat and sugar without consequence. If you still think it’s my genes, my dad developed Type 2 diabetes in his 50s, and my mom was diagnosed with high cholesterol in her 50s… neither of them were ever supermodels, either, so my genes probably aren’t terribly special.

4. “Just you wait!” And, after all this, it’s certainly possible that I’ve got some rough days in store for me. Everyone’s heard about how eating lots of fats and sugars predisposes to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and just about every other negative biological outcome. It’s possible that my love of all things fatty is dooming me to a future with scarring in my brain, specifically in my hippocampus. I’m definitely not advocating for anyone to do as I do, but sometimes people break all the health “rules” and turn out just fine, and sometimes people follow every rule and are still struck with health misfortunes.

Honestly, I am in awe of people with well-balanced diets, those of you out there running marathons for fun, and the like. But…I’m just not like that. I’m sure as I get older, I will be forced to make concessions to nature and clean up my act a bit. But, until then, I’d love it if people would give me less grief about what I choose to eat, unless those people are doctors holding the results of my blood work.

And in the meantime, yes, I’m going to eat that.

Stay nerdy.

P.S. I really do apologize for so much time away from blogging. I’m going to shoot for updates every week or every other week, and hope for the best. Thanks as always for your continued support!

P.P.S. Check out this shiny new comedic science blog written by my buddy Tyler: http://www.biLOLogy.net

Lambrechts DA, Wielders LH, Aldenkamp AP, Kessels FG, de Kinderen RJ, & Majoie MJ (2012). The ketogenic diet as a treatment option in adults with chronic refractory epilepsy: Efficacy and tolerability in clinical practice. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B PMID: 22366051

Seyfried TN, Marsh J, Shelton LM, Huysentruyt LC, & Mukherjee P (2011). Is the restricted ketogenic diet a viable alternative to the standard of care for managing malignant brain cancer? Epilepsy research PMID: 21885251

Veggiotti P, Teutonico F, Alfei E, Nardocci N, Zorzi G, Tagliabue A, De Giorgis V, & Balottin U (2010). Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency: ketogenic diet in three patients with atypical phenotype. Brain & development, 32 (5), 404-8 PMID: 19515520

Thaler JP, Yi CX, Schur EA, Guyenet SJ, Hwang BH, Dietrich MO, Zhao X, Sarruf DA, Izgur V, Maravilla KR, Nguyen HT, Fischer JD, Matsen ME, Wisse BE, Morton GJ, Horvath TL, Baskin DG, Tschöp MH, & Schwartz MW (2012). Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. The Journal of clinical investigation, 122 (1), 153-62 PMID: 22201683

SNL

I was exponentially more surprised when the same thing happened again, less than two minutes later. Yes, Seth was making multiple jokes about recent research, but the fact still stands — a lot more people know about those projects now than before the findings were worked into an SNL script.

Did you watch the November 12th episode of SNL? Do you remember which Weekend Update stories I’m talking about? No worries if you don’t — this post will refresh your memory, and take you beyond the one-liners.

With Emma Stone hosting and Coldplay performing, this past Saturday’s episode of SNL was already quite promising. However, when Seth Myers gave mention to not one, but two recent findings that I had come this close to posting on Try Nerdy…I was tickled.

Here’s a clip from Weekend Update that starts with the first nerdy reference (34:47) and ends with a second one (36:12):

The clip begins:

Researchers say that a new drug tested on monkeys has helped them lose weight with no dieting or exercise – it’s the easiest way to make the lean, sexy monkeys we’ve all been clamoring for.

Aside from being hilarious, this punchline makes a point — sometimes, research sounds ridiculous to the Average Joe. Whether it’s “fruit flies in France” or “sexy monkeys,” it’s not always immediately obvious how animal research relates to us as people. The common idea behind this type of research is that all living organisms — humans, monkeys, and, yes, fruit flies — are related on a big evolutionary tree, and that important biological mechanisms are probably conserved between us, or at least similar.

So about those monkeys. Monkeys are relatively quite close to humans on an evolutionary scale, so the discovery of a drug that makes obese monkeys lose weight effortlessly is kind of a big deal. Something that works in monkeys has a higher likelihood of working in humans, too. These monkeys, who became obese through overeating and under-activity, were given a drug that selectively destroyed the blood supply of fat tissues. Without a blood supply, the fat in these monkeys was broken down and reabsorbed.

Here’s fat in its normal state, thriving on a nutritious supply of blood:

Then this drug, called adipotide, kills the blood vessels supplying the fat, and the fat effectively melts away (the monkeys lost nearly 30% of their abdominal fat!):

If this drug gets approved for humans, it would be radically different from other weight loss drugs on the market, which typically try to suppress appetite or block absorption of dietary fats.

Near the end of Weekend Update, Seth surprised me again with another story that very nearly made it onto this site:

A new study suggests that people with high blood pressure suffer from emotional dampening and have trouble recognizing emotion in others – they’re called dads.

This got a laugh, but it basically summed up a study done at Clemson University in South Carolina. Researchers asked 106 participants to evaluate emotional expressions in faces and sentences, and individuals with higher resting blood pressures were significantly less accurate at the task. Imagine the irony: your job is super stressful, which drives your blood pressure up, which induces “emotional dampening,” which makes you interpret your boss’s constructive criticism as sarcastic prattle (which will probably lead to more stress down the line).

Oh, Mr. Steele, you're such a kidder.

The general idea at work here is that blood pressure can impact the central nervous system in complex ways; for example, hypertension is associated with decreased pain sensitivity. Perhaps a decrease in emotional sensitivity is part of the same phenomenon. Time (and more research) will tell, but until then, if someone misinterprets your words or fails to laugh at your joke, don’t get frustrated — maybe they’re just under a lot of stress…or eating a high-salt diet.

In any case, I’ll be paying closer attention to Weekend Update from now on, especially when I get blogger’s block.

Stay nerdy

 
Barnhart KF, Christianson DR, Hanley PW, Driessen WH, Bernacky BJ, Baze WB, Wen S, Tian M, Ma J, Kolonin MG, Saha PK, Do KA, Hulvat JF, Gelovani JG, Chan L, Arap W, & Pasqualini R (2011). A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Science translational medicine, 3 (108) PMID: 22072637

McCubbin JA, Merritt MM, Sollers JJ 3rd, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Lane RD, & Thayer JF (2011). Cardiovascular-emotional dampening: the relationship between blood pressure and recognition of emotion. Psychosomatic medicine, 73 (9), 743-50 PMID: 22042880

You may not exactly like the things you learn about fat in today’s post, but fat seems to be society’s public enemy number one lately, and you know what they say — it’s always best to know your enemy.

Here’s a fat cell:

It’s relatively huge as far as cells go. With a diameter of about a tenth of a millimeter, it’s over 100 times the size of a skin cell, and just one fat cell is potentially visible by the naked eye. As you can see, most of a fat cell is a huge pool of fat, with all of the other parts of the cell squished off to the side. If you’re the average adult, you’ve got about 30 billion of these guys. All the more reason to know what they’re capable of, right?

1. Fat cells can pilfer your medications and vitamins. At the most basic level, when you take medicine or vitamins, your body uses what you need and the byproducts or whatever your body doesn’t use are excreted. However, many vitamins (like A, D, E, and K) and medications (including many antidepressants and anesthetics) are fat-soluble, as opposed to water-soluble, meaning that as they circulate your body they can slip out of your blood and into your fat. THC, the active compound in marijuana, is an example of a fat-soluble drug; if an obese person with large amounts of body fat gets high with a skinny person with low levels of body fat, it is likely that the obese person would test positive for a longer stretch of time, because the obese person has more fat cells to trap the THC and release its metabolites more slowly over time.

Sneaky fat cells…

2. Fat cells influence how hungry you are and whether or not you get diabetes and heart disease. As it turns out, fat cells don’t just take stuff out of your blood, they put stuff in it, too. In particular, fat cells make a whole bunch of hormones and inflammatory molecules. One of the most important molecules made by fat is leptin, which signals to the brain and decreases appetite. Mice without receptors for leptin become obese:

Fat tissue also releases inflammatory molecules called cytokines that can decrease the ability of the body to respond to insulin, which can set the stage for diabetes. Some of these inflammatory molecules are also thought to promote systemic inflammation, and research suggests that this can make atherosclerosis (artery blockage due to fat accumulation) all the more dangerous. That’s because inflammatory cells might be able to rupture atherosclerotic buildup, creating clots that induce heart attacks or strokes.

This is a lot of information to take in, and the many roles of fat as a signaling tissue make up a very active area of research right now, especially because fat can often turn on or off production of specific molecules in obese individuals.

3. Fat cells can feed cancer cells. If you weren’t hating fat by now, this might just tip the scales. Very recent research in Nature Medicine suggests that abdominal cancers, like ovarian cancer, are made worse by fat. Ovarian cancers tend to metastasize to fat-dense regions of the abdomen, and fat cells can directly transfer fat to cancer cells, which provides the cancer with energy and allows it to grow in size.The silver lining of these findings is that researchers may now have a new mechanism to target when designing drugs to fight cancers that flourish in fatty areas of the body.

4. Fat cells might be the cure to just about everything. Alright, last but not least, a major redeeming feature of fat: it’s got stem cells in it. In general, stem cells are cells that have the potential to differentiate into multiple other cell types. Scientists have theorized stem cells to be a potential therapy for just about every disease condition (e.g. using stem cell-derived neurons to replace the lost/damaged neurons in neurodegenerative diseases). Although fat stem cells can’t turn into as many cell types as embryonic stem cells can, they have many upsides: fat stem cells circumvent ethical concerns, are readily available thanks to all of the fat-removing surgeries done today, and pose far less risk of immune rejection when re-introducing cells taken from someone’s own fat. Fat stem cells have already been shown to essentially cure a mouse model of lupus.

So maybe you’re not necessarily any happier about your fat now, but I hope you have a new appreciation for it. While you lament your muffin top, you can consider the diverse biology of your muffin top. That might sound nerdy, but…well, that’s the whole point.

Ovchinnikova O, Robertson AK, Wågsäter D, Folco EJ, Hyry M, Myllyharju J, Eriksson P, Libby P, & Hansson GK (2009). T-cell activation leads to reduced collagen maturation in atherosclerotic plaques of Apoe(-/-) mice. The American journal of pathology, 174 (2), 693-700 PMID: 19131590

Nieman KM, Kenny HA, Penicka CV, Ladanyi A, Buell-Gutbrod R, Zillhardt MR, Romero IL, Carey MS, Mills GB, Hotamisligil GS, Yamada SD, Peter ME, Gwin K, & Lengyel E (2011). Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth. Nature medicine, 17 (11), 1498-503 PMID: 22037646

Choi EW, Shin IS, Park SY, Park JH, Kim JS, Yoon EJ, Kang SK, Ra JC, & Hong SH (2011). Reversal of serological, immunological and histological dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus mice by long-term serial adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Arthritis and rheumatism PMID: 21904997